.

Peralatan Umum

Shortcut Papanketik

QGIS provides default keyboard shortcuts for many features. You can find them in section Bar Menu. Additionally, the menu option Settings ‣ Configure Shortcuts.. allows you to change the default keyboard shortcuts and to add new keyboard shortcuts to QGIS features.

Figure Shortcuts 1:

../../../_images/shortcuts.png

Define shortcut options nix (Gnome)

Configuration is very simple. Just select a feature from the list and click on [Change], [Set none] or [Set default]. Once you have finished your configuration, you can save it as an XML file and load it to another QGIS installation.

Konteks Bantuan

Saat Anda membutuhkan bantuan dengan topik yang spesifik, Anda dapat mengakses konteks bantuan melalui tombol [Bantuan] tersedia disebagian besar dialog - harap dicatat bahwa plugin pihak ketiga dapat mengarah ke halaman web khusus.

Rendering

By default, QGIS renders all visible layers whenever the map canvas is refreshed. The events that trigger a refresh of the map canvas include:

  • Menambahkan lapisan (layer)

  • Menggeser atau memperbesar

  • Resizing the QGIS window
  • Merubah visitabilitas dari lapisan (layer)

QGIS allows you to control the rendering process in a number of ways.

Scale Dependent Rendering

Skala render memungkinkan Anda untuk menentukan skaa minimum dan skala maksimum di mana lapisan akan terlihat. Untuk mengatur skala render bergantung, buka dialog Properti dengan mengklik-dobel pada lapisan di legenda. Pada tab Umum klik pada kotak centang checkbox Skala bergantung pada visibilitas untuk mengaktifkan fitur, kemudian atur nilai maskimum dan minimum skala.

You can determine the scale values by first zooming to the level you want to use and noting the scale value in the QGIS status bar.

Mengontrol Rendering Peta

Map rendering can be controlled in the various ways, as described below.

Menunda Rendering

To suspend rendering, click the checkbox Render checkbox in the lower right corner of the status bar. When the checkbox Render checkbox is not checked, QGIS does not redraw the canvas in response to any of the events described in section Rendering. Examples of when you might want to suspend rendering include:

  • Menambah banyak lapisan dan melambangkan mereka sebelum menggambar

  • Menambahkan satu atau lebih lapisan besar dan mengatur ketergantungan skala sebelum menggambar

  • Menambahkan satu atau lebih lapisan besar dan perbesar ke tampilan spesifik sebelum menggambar

  • Kombinasi dari yang ada di atas

Aktifkan kotak centang checkbox Render mengaktifkan rendering dan dan menyebabkan refresh langsung dari kanvas peta.

Pengaturan Lapisan Tambah Opsi

Anda dapat mengatur pilihan untuk selalu memuat lapisan baru tanpa menggambar mereka. Ini berarti lapisan akan ditambahkan ke peta, namun visibilitas kotak centang dalam legenda akan dicentang secara default. Untuk mengatur opsi ini, pilih menu opsi Pengaturan ‣ Opsi dan klik tab Rendering. Hapus centang checkbox Secara standar lapisan baru ditambahkan ke peta selalu ditampilkan. Setiap lapisan ditambahkan ke peta akan tidak terlihat secara standar.

Menghentikan Rendering

Untuk menghentikan penggambaran peta, tekan tombol ESC. Ini akan menghentikan refresh kanvas peta dan menghentikan proses penggambaran peta. Hal ini mungkin membutuhkan waktu selama menekan ESC dan penggambaran peta terhenti.

Catatan

Saat ini tidak memungkikan untuk menghentikan rendering - ini dinonaktifkan di port qt4 karena masalah antarmuka pengguna (UI) dan konflik (crash).

Updating the Map Display During Rendering

You can set an option to update the map display as features are drawn. By default, QGIS does not display any features for a layer until the entire layer has been rendered. To update the display as features are read from the datastore, choose menu option Settings ‣ Options and click on the Rendering tab. Set the feature count to an appropriate value to update the display during rendering. Setting a value of 0 disables update during drawing (this is the default). Setting a value too low will result in poor performance, as the map canvas is continually updated during the reading of the features. A suggested value to start with is 500.

Mempengarui Kualitas Rendering

To influence the rendering quality of the map, you have two options. Choose menu option Settings ‣ Options, click on the Rendering tab and select or deselect following checkboxes:

  • checkbox Make lines appear less jagged at the expense of some drawing performance
  • checkbox Fix problems with incorrectly filled polygons

Mempercepat rendering

There are two settings that allow you to improve rendering speed. Open the QGIS options dialog using Settings ‣ Options, go to the Rendering tab and select or deselect the following checkboxes:

  • checkbox Enable back buffer. This provides better graphics performance at the cost of losing the possibility to cancel rendering and incrementally draw features. If it is unchecked, you can set the Number of features to draw before updating the display, otherwise this option is inactive.
  • checkbox Gunakan render caching yang memungkinkan mempercepat gambar ulang

Mengukur

Measuring works within projected coordinate systems (e.g., UTM) and unprojected data. If the loaded map is defined with a geographic coordinate system (latitude/longitude), the results from line or area measurements will be incorrect. To fix this, you need to set an appropriate map coordinate system (see section Working with Projections). All measuring modules also use the snapping settings from the digitizing module. This is useful, if you want to measure along lines or areas in vector layers.

To select a measuring tool, click on mActionMeasure and select the tool you want to use.

Measure length, areas and angles

mActionMeasure Measure Line: QGIS is able to measure real distances between given points according to a defined ellipsoid. To configure this, choose menu option Settings ‣ Options, click on the Map tools tab and select the appropriate ellipsoid. There, you can also define a rubberband color and your preferred measurement units (meters or feet) and angle units (degrees, radians and gon). The tool then allows you to click points on the map. Each segment length, as well as the total, shows up in the measure window. To stop measuring, click your right mouse button. Note that you can interactively change the measurement units in the measurement dialog. It overrides the Preferred measurement units in the options. There is an info section in the dialog that shows which CRS settings are being used during measurement calculations.

Figure Measure 1:

../../../_images/measure_line.png

Measure Distance nix (Gnome)

mActionMeasureArea Measure Area: Areas can also be measured. In the measure window, the accumulated area size appears. In addition, the measuring tool will snap to the currently selected layer, provided that layer has its snapping tolerance set (see section Setting the Snapping Tolerance and Search Radius). So, if you want to measure exactly along a line feature, or around a polygon feature, first set its snapping tolerance, then select the layer. Now, when using the measuring tools, each mouse click (within the tolerance setting) will snap to that layer.

Figure Measure 2:

../../../_images/measure_area.png

Measure Area nix (Gnome)

mActionMeasureAngle Measure Angle: You can also measure angles. The cursor becomes cross-shaped. Click to draw the first segment of the angle you wish to measure, then move the cursor to draw the desired angle. The measure is displayed in a pop-up dialog.

Figure Measure 3:

../../../_images/measure_angle.png

Measure Angle nix (Gnome)

Pilih dan lepas fitur

The QGIS toolbar provides several tools to select features in the map canvas. To select one or several features, just click on mActionSelect and select your tool:

  • mActionSelect Select Single Feature
  • mActionSelectRectangle Select Features by Rectangle
  • mActionSelectPolygon Select Features by Polygon
  • mActionSelectFreehand Select Features by Freehand
  • mActionSelectRadius Select Features by Radius

To deselect all selected features click on mActionDeselectAll Deselect features from all layers.

mIconExpressionSelect Select feature using an expression allow user to select feature using expression dialog. See Expressions chapter for some example.

Users can save features selection into a New Memory Vector Layer or a New Vector Layer using Edit ‣ Paste Feature as ... and choose the mode you want.

Fitur Identifikasi

The Identify tool allows you to interact with the map canvas and get information on features in a pop-up window. To identify features, use View ‣ Identify features or press Ctrl + Shift + I, or click on the mActionIdentify Identify features icon in the toolbar.

If you click on several features, the Identify results dialog will list information about all the selected features. The first item is the number of the layer in the list of results, followed by the layer name. Then, its first child will be the name of a field with its value. The first field is the one selected in Properties ‣ Display. Finally, all information about the feature is displayed.

Jendela ini dapat disesuaikan untuk menampilkan kolom kustom namun secara default akan menampilkan tiga jenis informasi:

  • Actions: Actions can be added to the identify feature windows. When clicking on the action label, action will be run. By default, only one action is added, to view feature form for editing.
  • Derived: This information is calculated or derived from other information. You can find clicked coordinate, X and Y coordinates, area in map units and perimeter in map units for polygons, length in map units for lines and feature ids.
  • Data attributes: This is the list of attribute fields from the data.

Figure Identify 1:

../../../_images/identify_features.png

Identify feaures dialog nix (Gnome)

At the top of the window, you have five icons:

  • mActionIdentifyExpand Expand tree
  • mActionIdentifyCollapse Collapse tree
  • mActionIdentifyDefaultExpand Default behaviour
  • mActionIdentifyCopyAttributes Copy attributes
  • mActionIdentifyPrint Print selected HTML response

At the bottom of the window, you have the Mode and View comboboxes. With the Mode combobox you can define the identify mode: ‘Current layer’, ‘Top down, stop at first’, ‘Top down’ and ‘Layer selection’. The View can be set as ‘Tree’, ‘Table’ and ‘Graph’.

The identify tool allows you to auto open a form. In this mode you can change the feautures attributes.

Fungsi lain dapat ditemukan dalam menu konteks dari ditentukannya item. Sebagai contoh, dari menu konteks Anda dapat:

  • Lihat form fitur

  • Perbesar ke fitur

  • Salin fitur: salin semua fitur geometri dan atribut

  • Toggle feature selection: adds identified feature to selection
  • Salin nilai atribut: hanya menyalin nilai dari atribut yang Anda klik

  • Copy feature attributes: Copy only attributes
  • Bersihkan hasilnya: Hapus hasil di jendela

  • Bersihkan highlight: Hapus fitur highlight pada peta

  • Highlight semua

  • Highlight lapisan

  • Aktifkan lapisan: Pilih lapisan yang akan diaktifkan

  • Properti lapisa: buka jendel properti lapisan

  • Perluas (expand) semua

  • Runtuh (collapse) semua

Dekorasi

The Decorations of QGIS include the Grid, the Copyright Label, the North Arrow and the Scale Bar. They are used to ‘decorate’ the map by adding cartographic elements.

Kisi (Grid)

transformed Grid memungkinkan untuk menambahkan koordinat kisi (grid) dan koordinat anotasi untuk kanvas peta.

Figure Decorations 1:

../../../_images/grid_dialog.png

The Grid Dialog nix

  1. Pilih dari menu Tampilan ‣ Decorasi ‣ Kisi. Mulai dialog (lihat figure_decorations_1).

  2. Aktifkan kotak centang checkbox Aktifkan Kisi dan menetapkan definisi kisi (grid) sesuai dengan lapisan yang dimuat dalam kanvas peta.

  3. Aktifkan kotak centang Gambar anotasi dan menetapkan definisi anotasi sesuai dengan lapisan yang dimuat dalam kanvas peta.

  4. Click [Apply] to verify that it looks as expected.
  5. Click [OK] to close the dialog.

Panah Utara

north_arrow North Arrow places a simple north arrow on the map canvas. At present, there is only one style available. You can adjust the angle of the arrow or let QGIS set the direction automatically. If you choose to let QGIS determine the direction, it makes its best guess as to how the arrow should be oriented. For placement of the arrow, you have four options, corresponding to the four corners of the map canvas.

Figure Decorations 3:

../../../_images/north_arrow_dialog.png

The North Arrow Dialog nix

Bar Skala

scale_bar Scale Bar adds a simple scale bar to the map canvas. You can control the style and placement, as well as the labeling of the bar.

Figure Decorations 4:

../../../_images/scale_bar_dialog.png

The Scale Bar Dialog nix

QGIS only supports displaying the scale in the same units as your map frame. So if the units of your layers are in meters, you can’t create a scale bar in feet. Likewise, if you are using decimal degrees, you can’t create a scale bar to display distance in meters.

Menambahkan bar skala:

  1. Pilih dari menu Tampilan ‣ Dekorasi ‣ Skala Bar (lihat figure_decorations_4)

  2. Choose the placement from the Placement selectstring combo box.
  3. Choose the style from the Scale bar style selectstring combo box.
  4. Select the color for the bar Color of bar selectcolor or use the default black color.
  5. Set the size of the bar and its label Size of bar selectnumber.
  6. Pastikan kotak centang sudah aktif checkbox Aktifkan skala bar

  7. Optionally, check checkbox Automatically snap to round number on resize.
  8. Click [OK].

Tip

Pengaturan Dekorasi

Saat Anda menyimpan sebuah proyek .qgs, setiap perubahan yang Anda buat pada Kisi (Grid), Panah Utara, Skala Bar dan Hak Cipta akan disimpan dalam proyek dan dikembalikan pada saat Anda memuat proyek.

Peralatan Anotasi

The mActionTextAnnotation Text Annotation tool in the attribute toolbar provides the possibility to place formatted text in a balloon on the QGIS map canvas. Use the Text Annotation tool and click into the map canvas.

Figure annotation 1:

../../../_images/annotation.png

Annotation text dialog nix

Dobel klik pada item membuka dialog dengan berbagai pilihan. Ada editor teks untuk memasukkan teks yang diformat dan pengaturan item lain. Misalnya ada pilihan memiliki item ditempatkan pada posisi peta (ditampilkan dengan simbol penanda) atau memiliki item pada posisi layar (tidak berhubungan dengan peta). Item ini bisa dipindahkan dengan posisi peta (geser penanda peta) atau hanya dengan memindahkan balon. Ikon adalah bagian dari tema GIS, dan digunakan secara default dalam tema-tema lain juga.

The mActionAnnotation Move Annotation tool allows you to move the annotation on the map canvas.

Anotasi HTML

The mActionFormAnnotation Html Annotation tools in the attribute toolbar provides the possibility to place the content of an html file in a balloon on the QGIS map canvas. Using the Html Annotation tool, click into the map canvas and add the path to the html file into the dialog.

Anotasi SVG

The mActionSaveAsSVG SVG Annotation tool in the attribute toolbar provides the possibility to place an SVG symbol in a balloon on the QGIS map canvas. Using the SVG Annotation tool, click into the map canvas and add the path to the SVG file into the dialog.

Form anotasi

Additionally, you can also create your own annotation forms. The mActionFormAnnotation Form Annotation tool is useful to display attributes of a vector layer in a customized Qt Designer form (see figure_custom_annotation). This is similar to the designer forms for the Identify features tool, but displayed in an annotation item. Also see this video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0pDBuSbQ02o from Tim Sutton for more information.

Figure annotation 2:

../../../_images/custom_annotation.png

Customized qt designer annotation form nix

Catatan

Jika Anda menekan Ctrl+T sementara alat Anotasi aktif (anotasi bergerak, anotasi teks, form anotasi), visibilitas item yang terbalik.

Bookmark Spasial

Spatial Bookmarks allow you to “bookmark” a geographic location and return to it later.

Membuat Bookmark

Membuat Bookmark

  1. Perbesar atau geser ke interes area.

  2. Select the menu option View ‣ New Bookmark or press Ctrl-B.
  3. Masukkan nama deskripsi dari bookmark (batas 255 karakter).

  4. Press Enter to add the bookmark or [Delete] to remove the bookmark.

Catatan Anda bisa memiliki bookmark banyak dengan satu nama.

Bekerja dengan Bookmark

To use or manage bookmarks, select the menu option View ‣ Show Bookmarks. The Geospatial Bookmarks dialog allows you to zoom to or delete a bookmark. You cannot edit the bookmark name or coordinates.

Zooming to a Bookmark

From the Geospatial Bookmarks dialog, select the desired bookmark by clicking on it, then click [Zoom To]. You can also zoom to a bookmark by double-clicking on it.

Deleting a Bookmark

To delete a bookmark from the Geospatial Bookmarks dialog, click on it, then click [Delete]. Confirm your choice by clicking [Yes], or cancel the delete by clicking [No].

Import or export a bookmark

To share or transfer your bookmarks between computers you can use the Share pull down menu in the Geospatial Bookmarks dialog.

Proyek-proyek Nesting

Jika Anda ingin menanamkan (embed) isi dari berkas proyek lain kedalam proyek Anda, Anda bisa memilih Lapisan ‣ Tanam Lapisan dan Grup.

Menanam (Embedding) lapisan

Dialog berikut memungkinkan Anda menanamkan lapisan dari proyek-proyek lain. Berikut ini adalah contoh kecil:

  1. Press browsebutton to look for another project from the Alaska dataset.
  2. Select the project file grassland. You can see the content of the project (see figure_embed_dialog).
  3. Press Ctrl and click on the layers grassland and regions. Press [OK]. The selected layers are embedded in the map legend and the map view now.

Figure Nesting 1:

../../../_images/embed_dialog.png

Select layers and groups to embed nix

Sementara lapisan tertanam dapat diedit, Anda tidak dapat mengubah properti mereka seperti gaya dan pelabelan.

Menghapus lapisan-lapisan ditanam (embdded)

Right-click on the embedded layer and choose mActionRemoveLayer Remove.