qgsmaptopixelgeometrysimplifier.cpp

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/***************************************************************************
    qgsmaptopixelgeometrysimplifier.cpp
    ---------------------
    begin                : December 2013
    copyright            : (C) 2013 by Alvaro Huarte
    email                : http://wiki.osgeo.org/wiki/Alvaro_Huarte
 
 ***************************************************************************
 *                                                                         *
 *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify  *
 *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by  *
 *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or     *
 *   (at your option) any later version.                                   *
 *                                                                         *
 ***************************************************************************/
 
#include "qgsmaptopixelgeometrysimplifier.h"
 
#include <limits>
#include <memory>
 
#include "qgsgeometry.h"
#include "qgsgeometrycollection.h"
#include "qgslinestring.h"
#include "qgspolygon.h"
#include "qgsrectangle.h"
#include "qgsvertexid.h"
 
QgsMapToPixelSimplifier::QgsMapToPixelSimplifier( int simplifyFlags, double tolerance, Qgis::VectorSimplificationAlgorithm simplifyAlgorithm )
  : mSimplifyFlags( simplifyFlags )
  , mSimplifyAlgorithm( simplifyAlgorithm )
  , mTolerance( tolerance )
{
}

// Helper simplification methods
 
float QgsMapToPixelSimplifier::calculateLengthSquared2D( double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2 )
{
  const float vx = static_cast< float >( x2 - x1 );
  const float vy = static_cast< float >( y2 - y1 );
 
  return ( vx * vx ) + ( vy * vy );
}
 
bool QgsMapToPixelSimplifier::equalSnapToGrid( double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2, double gridOriginX, double gridOriginY, float gridInverseSizeXY )
{
  const int grid_x1 = std::round( ( x1 - gridOriginX ) * gridInverseSizeXY );
  const int grid_x2 = std::round( ( x2 - gridOriginX ) * gridInverseSizeXY );
  if ( grid_x1 != grid_x2 ) return false;
 
  const int grid_y1 = std::round( ( y1 - gridOriginY ) * gridInverseSizeXY );
  const int grid_y2 = std::round( ( y2 - gridOriginY ) * gridInverseSizeXY );
  return grid_y1 == grid_y2;
}

// Helper simplification methods for Visvalingam method
 
// It uses a refactored code of the liblwgeom implementation:
// https://github.com/postgis/postgis/blob/svn-trunk/liblwgeom/effectivearea.h
// https://github.com/postgis/postgis/blob/svn-trunk/liblwgeom/effectivearea.c
 
#include "simplify/effectivearea.h"


static std::unique_ptr< QgsAbstractGeometry > generalizeWkbGeometryByBoundingBox(
  Qgis::WkbType wkbType,
  const QgsAbstractGeometry &geometry,
  const QgsRectangle &envelope,
  bool isRing )
{
  const Qgis::WkbType geometryType = QgsWkbTypes::singleType( QgsWkbTypes::flatType( wkbType ) );
 
  // If the geometry is already minimal skip the generalization
  const int minimumSize = geometryType == Qgis::WkbType::LineString ? 2 : 5;
 
  if ( geometry.nCoordinates() <= minimumSize )
  {
    return std::unique_ptr< QgsAbstractGeometry >( geometry.clone() );
  }
 
  const double x1 = envelope.xMinimum();
  const double y1 = envelope.yMinimum();
  const double x2 = envelope.xMaximum();
  const double y2 = envelope.yMaximum();
 
  // Write the generalized geometry
  if ( geometryType == Qgis::WkbType::LineString && !isRing )
  {
    return std::make_unique< QgsLineString >( QVector<double>() << x1 << x2, QVector<double>() << y1 << y2 );
  }
  else
  {
    auto ext = std::make_unique< QgsLineString >(
                 QVector< double >() << x1
                 << x2
                 << x2
                 << x1
                 << x1,
                 QVector< double >() << y1
                 << y1
                 << y2
                 << y2
                 << y1 );
    if ( geometryType == Qgis::WkbType::LineString )
      return std::move( ext );
    else
    {
      auto polygon = std::make_unique< QgsPolygon >();
      polygon->setExteriorRing( ext.release() );
      return std::move( polygon );
    }
  }
}
 
std::unique_ptr< QgsAbstractGeometry > QgsMapToPixelSimplifier::simplifyGeometry( int simplifyFlags,
    Qgis::VectorSimplificationAlgorithm simplifyAlgorithm,
    const QgsAbstractGeometry &geometry, double map2pixelTol,
    bool isaLinearRing )
{
  bool isGeneralizable = true;
  const Qgis::WkbType wkbType = geometry.wkbType();
 
  // Can replace the geometry by its BBOX ?
  const QgsRectangle envelope = geometry.boundingBox();
  if ( ( simplifyFlags & QgsMapToPixelSimplifier::SimplifyEnvelope ) &&
       isGeneralizableByMapBoundingBox( envelope, map2pixelTol ) )
  {
    return generalizeWkbGeometryByBoundingBox( wkbType, geometry, envelope, isaLinearRing );
  }
 
  if ( !( simplifyFlags & QgsMapToPixelSimplifier::SimplifyGeometry ) )
    isGeneralizable = false;
 
  const Qgis::WkbType flatType = QgsWkbTypes::flatType( wkbType );
 
  // Write the geometry
  if ( flatType == Qgis::WkbType::LineString || flatType == Qgis::WkbType::CircularString )
  {
    const QgsCurve &srcCurve = dynamic_cast<const QgsCurve &>( geometry );
    const int numPoints = srcCurve.numPoints();
 
    std::unique_ptr<QgsCurve> output;
 
    QVector< double > lineStringX;
    QVector< double > lineStringY;
    QVector< double > lineStringZ;
    QVector< double > lineStringM;
    if ( flatType == Qgis::WkbType::LineString )
    {
      // if we are making a linestring, we do it in an optimised way by directly constructing
      // the final x/y vectors, which avoids calling the slower insertVertex method
      lineStringX.reserve( numPoints );
      lineStringY.reserve( numPoints );
 
      if ( geometry.is3D() )
        lineStringZ.reserve( numPoints );
 
      if ( geometry.isMeasure() )
        lineStringM.reserve( numPoints );
    }
    else
    {
      output.reset( qgsgeometry_cast< QgsCurve * >( srcCurve.createEmptyWithSameType() ) );
    }
 
    double x = 0.0, y = 0.0, z = 0.0, m = 0.0, lastX = 0.0, lastY = 0.0;
 
    if ( numPoints <= ( isaLinearRing ? 4 : 2 ) )
      isGeneralizable = false;
 
    bool isLongSegment;
    bool hasLongSegments = false; //-> To avoid replace the simplified geometry by its BBOX when there are 'long' segments.
    const bool is3D = geometry.is3D();
    const bool isMeasure = geometry.isMeasure();
 
    // Check whether the LinearRing is really closed.
    if ( isaLinearRing )
    {
      isaLinearRing = qgsDoubleNear( srcCurve.xAt( 0 ), srcCurve.xAt( numPoints - 1 ) ) &&
                      qgsDoubleNear( srcCurve.yAt( 0 ), srcCurve.yAt( numPoints - 1 ) );
    }
 
    // Process each vertex...
    switch ( simplifyAlgorithm )
    {
      case Qgis::VectorSimplificationAlgorithm::SnapToGrid:
      {
        const double gridOriginX = envelope.xMinimum();
        const double gridOriginY = envelope.yMinimum();
 
        // Use a factor for the maximum displacement distance for simplification, similar as GeoServer does
        const float gridInverseSizeXY = map2pixelTol != 0 ? ( float )( 1.0f / ( 0.8 * map2pixelTol ) ) : 0.0f;
 
        const double *xData = nullptr;
        const double *yData = nullptr;
        const double *zData = nullptr;
        const double *mData = nullptr;
        if ( flatType == Qgis::WkbType::LineString )
        {
          xData = qgsgeometry_cast< const QgsLineString * >( &srcCurve )->xData();
          yData = qgsgeometry_cast< const QgsLineString * >( &srcCurve )->yData();
 
          if ( is3D )
            zData = qgsgeometry_cast< const QgsLineString * >( &srcCurve )->zData();
 
          if ( isMeasure )
            mData = qgsgeometry_cast< const QgsLineString * >( &srcCurve )->mData();
        }
 
        for ( int i = 0; i < numPoints; ++i )
        {
          if ( xData && yData )
          {
            x = *xData++;
            y = *yData++;
          }
          else
          {
            x = srcCurve.xAt( i );
            y = srcCurve.yAt( i );
          }
 
          if ( is3D )
            z = zData ? *zData++ : srcCurve.zAt( i );
 
          if ( isMeasure )
            m = mData ? *mData++ : srcCurve.mAt( i );
 
          if ( i == 0 ||
               !isGeneralizable ||
               !equalSnapToGrid( x, y, lastX, lastY, gridOriginX, gridOriginY, gridInverseSizeXY ) ||
               ( !isaLinearRing && ( i == 1 || i >= numPoints - 2 ) ) )
          {
            if ( output )
              output->insertVertex( QgsVertexId( 0, 0, output->numPoints() ), QgsPoint( x, y, z, m ) );
            else
            {
              lineStringX.append( x );
              lineStringY.append( y );
 
              if ( is3D )
                lineStringZ.append( z );
 
              if ( isMeasure )
                lineStringM.append( m );
            }
            lastX = x;
            lastY = y;
          }
        }
        break;
      }
 
      case Qgis::VectorSimplificationAlgorithm::SnappedToGridGlobal:
      {
        output.reset( qgsgeometry_cast< QgsCurve * >( srcCurve.snappedToGrid( map2pixelTol, map2pixelTol ) ) );
        break;
      }
 
      case Qgis::VectorSimplificationAlgorithm::Visvalingam:
      {
        map2pixelTol *= map2pixelTol; //-> Use mappixelTol for 'Area' calculations.
 
        EFFECTIVE_AREAS ea( srcCurve );
 
        const int set_area = 0;
        ptarray_calc_areas( &ea, isaLinearRing ? 4 : 2, set_area, map2pixelTol );
 
        for ( int i = 0; i < numPoints; ++i )
        {
          if ( ea.res_arealist[ i ] > map2pixelTol )
          {
            if ( output )
              output->insertVertex( QgsVertexId( 0, 0, output->numPoints() ), ea.inpts.at( i ) );
            else
            {
              lineStringX.append( ea.inpts.at( i ).x() );
              lineStringY.append( ea.inpts.at( i ).y() );
 
              if ( is3D )
                lineStringZ.append( ea.inpts.at( i ).z() );
 
              if ( isMeasure )
                lineStringM.append( ea.inpts.at( i ).m() );
            }
          }
        }
        break;
      }
 
      case Qgis::VectorSimplificationAlgorithm::Distance:
      {
        map2pixelTol *= map2pixelTol; //-> Use mappixelTol for 'LengthSquare' calculations.
 
        const double *xData = nullptr;
        const double *yData = nullptr;
        if ( flatType == Qgis::WkbType::LineString )
        {
          xData = qgsgeometry_cast< const QgsLineString * >( &srcCurve )->xData();
          yData = qgsgeometry_cast< const QgsLineString * >( &srcCurve )->yData();
        }
 
        for ( int i = 0; i < numPoints; ++i )
        {
          if ( xData && yData )
          {
            x = *xData++;
            y = *yData++;
          }
          else
          {
            x = srcCurve.xAt( i );
            y = srcCurve.yAt( i );
          }
 
          isLongSegment = false;
 
          if ( i == 0 ||
               !isGeneralizable ||
               ( isLongSegment = ( calculateLengthSquared2D( x, y, lastX, lastY ) > map2pixelTol ) ) ||
               ( !isaLinearRing && ( i == 1 || i >= numPoints - 2 ) ) )
          {
            if ( output )
              output->insertVertex( QgsVertexId( 0, 0, output->numPoints() ), QgsPoint( x, y ) );
            else
            {
              lineStringX.append( x );
              lineStringY.append( y );
            }
            lastX = x;
            lastY = y;
 
            hasLongSegments |= isLongSegment;
          }
        }
      }
    }
 
    if ( !output )
    {
      output = std::make_unique< QgsLineString >( lineStringX, lineStringY, lineStringZ, lineStringM );
    }
    if ( output->numPoints() < ( isaLinearRing ? 4 : 2 ) )
    {
      // we simplified the geometry too much!
      if ( !hasLongSegments )
      {
        // approximate the geometry's shape by its bounding box
        // (rect for linear ring / one segment for line string)
        return generalizeWkbGeometryByBoundingBox( wkbType, geometry, envelope, isaLinearRing );
      }
      else
      {
        // Bad luck! The simplified geometry is invalid and approximation by bounding box
        // would create artifacts due to long segments.
        // We will return the original geometry
        return std::unique_ptr< QgsAbstractGeometry >( geometry.clone() );
      }
    }
 
    if ( isaLinearRing )
    {
      // make sure we keep the linear ring closed
      if ( !qgsDoubleNear( lastX, output->xAt( 0 ) ) || !qgsDoubleNear( lastY, output->yAt( 0 ) ) )
      {
        output->insertVertex( QgsVertexId( 0, 0, output->numPoints() ), QgsPoint( output->xAt( 0 ), output->yAt( 0 ) ) );
      }
    }
 
    return std::move( output );
  }
  else if ( flatType == Qgis::WkbType::Polygon )
  {
    const QgsPolygon &srcPolygon = dynamic_cast<const QgsPolygon &>( geometry );
    auto polygon = std::make_unique<QgsPolygon>();
    std::unique_ptr<QgsAbstractGeometry> extRing = simplifyGeometry( simplifyFlags, simplifyAlgorithm, *srcPolygon.exteriorRing(), map2pixelTol, true );
    polygon->setExteriorRing( qgis::down_cast<QgsCurve *>( extRing.release() ) );
    for ( int i = 0; i < srcPolygon.numInteriorRings(); ++i )
    {
      const QgsCurve *sub = srcPolygon.interiorRing( i );
      std::unique_ptr< QgsAbstractGeometry > ring = simplifyGeometry( simplifyFlags, simplifyAlgorithm, *sub, map2pixelTol, true );
      polygon->addInteriorRing( qgis::down_cast<QgsCurve *>( ring.release() ) );
    }
    return std::move( polygon );
  }
  else if ( QgsWkbTypes::isMultiType( flatType ) )
  {
    const QgsGeometryCollection &srcCollection = dynamic_cast<const QgsGeometryCollection &>( geometry );
    std::unique_ptr<QgsGeometryCollection> collection( srcCollection.createEmptyWithSameType() );
    const int numGeoms = srcCollection.numGeometries();
    collection->reserve( numGeoms );
    for ( int i = 0; i < numGeoms; ++i )
    {
      const QgsAbstractGeometry *sub = srcCollection.geometryN( i );
      std::unique_ptr< QgsAbstractGeometry > part = simplifyGeometry( simplifyFlags, simplifyAlgorithm, *sub, map2pixelTol, false );
      collection->addGeometry( part.release() );
    }
    return std::move( collection );
  }
  return std::unique_ptr< QgsAbstractGeometry >( geometry.clone() );
}

 
bool QgsMapToPixelSimplifier::isGeneralizableByMapBoundingBox( const QgsRectangle &envelope, double map2pixelTol )
{
  // Can replace the geometry by its BBOX ?
  return envelope.width() < map2pixelTol && envelope.height() < map2pixelTol;
}
 
QgsGeometry QgsMapToPixelSimplifier::simplify( const QgsGeometry &geometry ) const
{
  if ( geometry.isNull() )
  {
    return QgsGeometry();
  }
  if ( mSimplifyFlags == QgsMapToPixelSimplifier::NoFlags )
  {
    return geometry;
  }
 
  // Check whether the geometry can be simplified using the map2pixel context
  const Qgis::WkbType singleType = QgsWkbTypes::singleType( geometry.wkbType() );
  const Qgis::WkbType flatType = QgsWkbTypes::flatType( singleType );
  if ( flatType == Qgis::WkbType::Point )
  {
    return geometry;
  }
 
  const bool isaLinearRing = flatType == Qgis::WkbType::Polygon;
  const int numPoints = geometry.constGet()->nCoordinates();
 
  if ( numPoints <= ( isaLinearRing ? 6 : 3 ) )
  {
    // No simplify simple geometries
    return geometry;
  }
 
  const QgsRectangle envelope = geometry.boundingBox();
  if ( std::max( envelope.width(), envelope.height() ) / numPoints > mTolerance * 2.0 )
  {
    //points are in average too far apart to lead to any significant simplification
    return geometry;
  }
 
  return QgsGeometry( simplifyGeometry( mSimplifyFlags, mSimplifyAlgorithm, *geometry.constGet(), mTolerance, false ) );
}
 
QgsAbstractGeometry *QgsMapToPixelSimplifier::simplify( const QgsAbstractGeometry *geometry ) const
{
  //
  // IMPORTANT!!!!!!!
  // We want to avoid any geometry cloning we possibly can here, which is why the
  // "fail" paths always return nullptr
  //
 
  if ( !geometry )
  {
    return nullptr;
  }
  if ( mSimplifyFlags == QgsMapToPixelSimplifier::NoFlags )
  {
    return nullptr;
  }
 
  // Check whether the geometry can be simplified using the map2pixel context
  const Qgis::WkbType singleType = QgsWkbTypes::singleType( geometry->wkbType() );
  const Qgis::WkbType flatType = QgsWkbTypes::flatType( singleType );
  if ( flatType == Qgis::WkbType::Point )
  {
    return nullptr;
  }
 
  const bool isaLinearRing = flatType == Qgis::WkbType::Polygon;
  const int numPoints = geometry->nCoordinates();
 
  if ( numPoints <= ( isaLinearRing ? 6 : 3 ) )
  {
    // No simplify simple geometries
    return nullptr;
  }
 
  const QgsRectangle envelope = geometry->boundingBox();
  if ( std::max( envelope.width(), envelope.height() ) / numPoints > mTolerance * 2.0 )
  {
    //points are in average too far apart to lead to any significant simplification
    return nullptr;
  }
 
  return simplifyGeometry( mSimplifyFlags, mSimplifyAlgorithm, *geometry, mTolerance, false ).release();
}