QGIS Configuration¶

QGIS is highly configurable through the Settings menu. Choose between Panels, Toolbars, Project Properties, Options and Customization.

주석

QGIS follows desktop guidelines for the location of options and project properties item. Consequently related to the OS you are using, location of some of items described above could be located in the View menu (Panels and Toolbars) or in Project for Options.

Panels and Toolbars¶

In the Panels‣ menu, you can switch on and off QGIS widgets. The Toolbars‣ menu provides the possibility to switch on and off icon groups in the QGIS toolbar (see figure_panels_toolbars).

Figure Panels and Toolbars:

../../../_images/panels_and_toolbars.png

The Panels and Toolbars menu

참고

Activating the QGIS Overview

In QGIS, you can use an overview panel that provides a full extent view of layers added to it. It can be selected under the menu Settings ‣ Panels or View ‣ Panels. Within the view is a rectangle showing the current map extent. This allows you to quickly determine which area of the map you are currently viewing. Note that labels are not rendered to the map overview even if the layers in the map overview have been set up for labeling. If you click and drag the red rectangle in the overview that shows your current extent, the main map view will update accordingly.

참고

Show Log Messages

It’s possible to track the QGIS messages. You can activate Log Messages in the menu Settings ‣ Panels or View ‣ Panels and follow the messages that appear in the different tabs during loading and operation.

Project Properties¶

In the properties window for the project under Settings ‣ Project Properties (kde) or Project ‣ Project Properties (Gnome), you can set project-specific options. These include:

In the General menu, the project title, selection and background color, layer units, precision, and the option to save relative paths to layers can be defined. If the CRS transformation is on, you can choose an ellipsoid for distance calculations. You can define the canvas units (only used when CRS transformation is disabled) and the precision of decimal places to use. You can also define a project scale list, which overrides the global predefined scales.
The CRS menu enables you to choose the Coordinate Reference System for this project, and to enable on-the-fly re-projection of raster and vector layers when displaying layers from a different CRS.
With the third Identify layers menu, you set (or disable) which layers will respond to the identify tool (see the “Map tools” paragraph from the Options section to enable identifying of multiple layers).
The Default Styles menu lets you control how new layers will be drawn when they do not have an existing .qml style defined. You can also set the default transparency level for new layers and whether symbols should have random colours assigned to them. There is also an additional section where you can define specific colors for the running project. You can find the added colors in the drop down menu of the color dialog window present in each renderer.
The tab OWS Server allows you to define information about the QGIS Server WMS and WFS capabilities, extent and CRS restrictions.
The Macros menu is used to edit Python macros for projects. Currently, only three macros are available: openProject(), saveProject() and closeProject().

Macro settings in QGIS

The Relations menu is used to define 1:n relations. The relations are defined in the project properties dialog. Once relations exist for a layer, a new user interface element in the form view (e.g. when identifying a feature and opening its form) will list the related entities. This provides a powerful way to express e.g. the inspection history on a length of pipeline or road segment. You can find out more about 1:n relations support in Section Creating one to many relations.

Options¶

Some basic options for QGIS can be selected using the Options dialog. Select the menu option Settings ‣ Options. The tabs where you can customize your options are described below.

General Menu¶

Application

Select the Style (QGIS restart required) and choose between ‘Oxygen’,’Windows’,’Motif’,’CDE’, ‘Plastique’ and ‘Cleanlooks’ ().
Define the Icon theme . Currently only ‘default’ is possible.
Define the Icon size .
Define the Font. Choose between Qt default and a user-defined font.
Change the Timeout for timed messages or dialogs .
Hide splash screen at startup
Show tips at startup
Bold group box titles
QGIS-styled group boxes
Use native color chooser dialogs
Use live-updating color chooser dialogs
Custom side bar style
Experimental canvas rotation support (restart required)

Project files

Open project on launch (choose between ‘New’, ‘Most recent’ and ‘Specific’). When choosing ‘Specific’ use the to define a project.
Create new project from default project. You have the possibility to press on Set current project as default or on Reset default. You can browse through your files and define a directory where you find your user-defined project templates. This will be added to Project ‣ New From Template. If you first activate Create new project from default project and then save a project in the project templates folder.
Prompt to save project and data source changes when required
Prompt for confirmation when a layer is to be removed
Warn when opening a project file saved with an older version of QGIS
Enable macros . This option was created to handle macros that are written to perform an action on project events. You can choose between ‘Never’, ‘Ask’, ‘For this session only’ and ‘Always (not recommended)’.

System Menu¶

Environment

System environment variables can now be viewed, and many configured, in the Environment group (see figure_environment_variables). This is useful for platforms, such as Mac, where a GUI application does not necessarily inherit the user’s shell environment. It’s also useful for setting and viewing environment variables for the external tool sets controlled by the Processing toolbox (e.g., SAGA, GRASS), and for turning on debugging output for specific sections of the source code.

Use custom variables (restart required - include separators). You can [Add] and [Remove] variables. Already-defined environment variables are displayed in Current environment variables, and it’s possible to filter them by activating Show only QGIS-specific variables.

Figure System Environment:

System environment variables in QGIS

Plugin paths

[Add] or [Remove] Path(s) to search for additional C++ plugin libraries

Data Sources Menu¶

Feature attributes and table

Open attribute table in a dock window (QGIS restart required)
Copy geometry in WKT representation from attribute table. When using ^{Copy selected rows to
clipboard} from the Attribute table dialog, this has the result that the coordinates of points or vertices are also copied to the clipboard.
Attribute table behaviour . There are three possibilities: ‘Show all features’, ‘Show selected features’ and ‘Show features visible on map’.
Attribute table row cache . This row cache makes it possible to save the last loaded N attribute rows so that working with the attribute table will be quicker. The cache will be deleted when closing the attribute table.
Representation for NULL values. Here, you can define a value for data fields containing a NULL value.

Data source handling

Scan for valid items in the browser dock . You can choose between ‘Check extension’ and ‘Check file contents’.
Scan for contents of compressed files (.zip) in browser dock . ‘No’, ‘Basic scan’ and ‘Full scan’ are possible.
Prompt for raster sublayers when opening. Some rasters support sublayers — they are called subdatasets in GDAL. An example is netCDF files — if there are many netCDF variables, GDAL sees every variable as a subdataset. The option allows you to control how to deal with sublayers when a file with sublayers is opened. You have the following choices:
- ‘Always’: Always ask (if there are existing sublayers)
- ‘If needed’: Ask if layer has no bands, but has sublayers
- ‘Never’: Never prompt, will not load anything
- ‘Load all’: Never prompt, but load all sublayers
Ignore shapefile encoding declaration. If a shapefile has encoding information, this will be ignored by QGIS.
Add PostGIS layers with double click and select in extended mode
Add Oracle layers with double click and select in extended mode

Rendering Menu¶

Rendering behaviour

By default new layers added to the map should be displayed
Use render caching where possible to speed up redraws
Render layers in parallel using many CPU cores
Max cores to use
Map update interval (default to 250 ms)
Enable feature simplication by default for newly added layers
Simplification threshold
Simplify on provider side if possible
Maximum scale at which the layer should be simplified

Rendering quality

Make lines appear less jagged at the expense of some drawing performance

Rasters

With RGB band selection, you can define the number for the Red, Green and Blue band.

Contrast enhancement

Single band gray . A single band gray can have ‘No stretch’, ‘Stretch to MinMax’, ‘Stretch and Clip to MinMax’ and also ‘Clip to MinMax’.
Multi band color (byte/band) . Options are ‘No stretch’, ‘Stretch to MinMax’, ‘Stretch and Clip to MinMax’ and ‘Clip to MinMax’.
Multi band color (>byte/band) . Options are ‘No stretch’, ‘Stretch to MinMax’, ‘Stretch and Clip to MinMax’ and ‘Clip to MinMax’.
Limits (minimum/maximum) . Options are ‘Cumulative pixel count cut’, ‘Minimum/Maximum’, ‘Mean +/- standard deviation’.
Cumulative pixel count cut limits
Standard deviation multiplier

Debugging

Map canvas refresh

Map tools Menu¶

This menu offers some options regarding the behaviour of the Identify tool.

Search radius for identifying and displaying map tips is a tolerance factor expressed as a percentage of the map width. This means the identify tool will depict results as long as you click within this tolerance.
Highlight color allows you to choose with which color should features being identified are to be highlighted.
Buffer expressed as a percentage of the map width, determines a buffer distance to be rendered from the outline of the identify highlight.
Minimum width expressed as a percentage of the map width, determines how thick should the outline of a highlighted object be.

Measure tool

Define Rubberband color for measure tools
Define Decimal places
Keep base unit
Preferred measurements units (‘Meters’, ‘Feet’, ‘Nautical Miles’ or ‘Degrees’)`
Preferred angle units (‘Degrees’, ‘Radians’ or ‘Gon’)

Panning and zooming

Define Mouse wheel action (‘Zoom’, ‘Zoom and recenter’, ‘Zoom to mouse cursor’, ‘Nothing’)
Define Zoom factor for wheel mouse

Predefined scales

Here, you find a list of predefined scales. With the [+] and [-] buttons you can add or remove your individual scales.

Digitizing Menu¶

Feature creation

Suppress attributes pop-up windows after each created feature
Reuse last entered attribute values
Validate geometries. Editing complex lines and polygons with many nodes can result in very slow rendering. This is because the default validation procedures in QGIS can take a lot of time. To speed up rendering, it is possible to select GEOS geometry validation (starting from GEOS 3.3) or to switch it off. GEOS geometry validation is much faster, but the disadvantage is that only the first geometry problem will be reported.

Rubberband

Define Rubberband Line width and Line color

Snapping

Open snapping options in a dock window (QGIS restart required)
Define Default snap mode (‘To vertex’, ‘To segment’, ‘To vertex and segment’, ‘Off’)
Define Default snapping tolerance in map units or pixels
Define the Search radius for vertex edits in map units or pixels

Vertex markers

Show markers only for selected features
Define vertex Marker style (‘Cross’ (default), ‘Semi transparent circle’ or ‘None’)
Define vertex Marker size

Curve offset tool

The next 3 options refer to the ^{Offset Curve} tool in Advanced digitizing. Through the various settings, it is possible to influence the shape of the line offset. These options are possible starting from GEOS 3.3.

Join style
Quadrant segments
Miter limit

CRS Menu¶

Default CRS for new projects

Don’t enable ‘on the fly’ reprojection
Automatically enable ‘on the fly’ reprojection if layers have different CRS
Enable ‘on the fly’ reprojection by default
Select a CRS and Always start new projects with this CRS

CRS for new layers

This area allows you to define the action to take when a new layer is created, or when a layer without a CRS is loaded.

Prompt for CRS
Use project CRS
Use default CRS

Default datum transformations

Ask for datum transformation when no default is defined
If you have worked with the ‘on-the-fly’ CRS transformation you can see the result of the transformation in the window below. You can find information about ‘Source CRS’ and ‘Destination CRS’ as well as ‘Source datum transform’ and ‘Destination datum transform’.

Network Menu¶

General

Define WMS search address, default is http://geopole.org/wms/search?search=\%1\&type=rss
Define Timeout for network requests (ms) - default is 60000
Define Default expiration period for WMSC/WMTS tiles (hours) - default is 24
Define Max retry in case of tile request errors
Define User-Agent

Figure Network Tab:

Proxy-settings in QGIS

Cache settings

Define the Directory and a Size for the cache.

Use proxy for web access and define ‘Host’, ‘Port’, ‘User’, and ‘Password’.
Set the Proxy type according to your needs.
- Default Proxy: Proxy is determined based on the application proxy set using
- Socks5Proxy: Generic proxy for any kind of connection. Supports TCP, UDP, binding to a port (incoming connections) and authentication.
- HttpProxy: Implemented using the “CONNECT” command, supports only outgoing TCP connections; supports authentication.
- HttpCachingProxy: Implemented using normal HTTP commands, it is useful only in the context of HTTP requests.
- FtpCachingProxy: Implemented using an FTP proxy, it is useful only in the context of FTP requests.

Excluding some URLs can be added to the text box below the proxy settings (see Figure_Network_Tab).

If you need more detailed information about the different proxy settings, please refer to the manual of the underlying QT library documentation at http://doc.trolltech.com/4.5/qnetworkproxy.html#ProxyType-enum.

참고

Using Proxies

Using proxies can sometimes be tricky. It is useful to proceed by ‘trial and error’ with the above proxy types, to check to see if they succeed in your case.

You can modify the options according to your needs. Some of the changes may require a restart of QGIS before they will be effective.

Settings are saved in a text file: $HOME/.config/QGIS/QGIS2.conf
You can find your settings in: $HOME/Library/Preferences/org.qgis.qgis.plist
Settings are stored in the registry under: HKEY\CURRENT_USER\Software\QGIS\qgis

Customization¶

The customization tool lets you (de)activate almost every element in the QGIS user interface. This can be very useful if you have a lot of plugins installed that you never use and that are filling your screen.

Figure Customization 1:

The Customization dialog

QGIS Customization is divided into five groups. In Menus, you can hide entries in the Menu bar. In Panels, you find the panel windows. Panel windows are applications that can be started and used as a floating, top-level window or embedded to the QGIS main window as a docked widget (see also Panels and Toolbars). In the Status Bar, features like the coordinate information can be deactivated. In Toolbars, you can (de)activate the toolbar icons of QGIS, and in Widgets, you can (de)activate dialogs as well as their buttons.

With ^{Switch to catching widgets in main application}, you can click on elements in QGIS that you want to be hidden and find the corresponding entry in Customization (see figure_customization). You can also save your various setups for different use cases as well. Before your changes are applied, you need to restart QGIS.

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